Book cover of Leadership and Self-Deception by The Arbinger Institute

The Arbinger Institute

Leadership and Self-Deception

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Many of us live boxed in by self-deception, seeing others as obstacles or tools rather than equals. But what if freeing ourselves from these distortions could transform every interaction we face?

1. Self-Deception Turns People Into Objects

When we prioritize our own comfort or needs over others, we stop seeing them as people and start perceiving them as obstacles or conveniences. This distorted way of thinking causes us to treat others like objects, even unknowingly. For instance, if someone is sitting on public transport hoping the adjacent seat stays empty, they subconsciously place their comfort above another person’s need for a seat.

This attitude stems from a lack of empathy, as we fail to view others as equals with real needs. Once this mentality takes root, we perpetuate a cycle of seeing others as less significant than ourselves. Instead of fostering mutual respect, we evaluate people through a competitive lens, causing friction and poor relationships.

Breaking free from this metaphorical "box" requires a shift in perspective—acknowledging and respecting the humanity in others. When we remain "in the box," distorted thoughts about people influence our actions, eroding trust and cooperation.

Examples

  • Avoiding eye contact to dodge giving up a seat to someone in need.
  • Viewing coworkers as competitors rather than collaborators.
  • Ignoring a roommate’s request because of perceived inconvenience.

2. Inflating Our Virtues While Magnifying Others’ Faults

Self-deception leads us to overvalue our own qualities and downplay others’ contributions. This occurs when we justify our behavior by convincing ourselves that our actions are reasonable, while labeling others’ actions as flawed.

For example, in a disagreement about vacation destinations, one partner might believe their preference is more rational due to their dedication at work, dismissing the other’s wishes as less deserving. This skewed perspective not only worsens conflicts but strengthens the need for self-justification.

This cycle becomes hard to break as we consistently amplify our reasons while invalidating others’ positions. To escape this, we need to acknowledge equal validity in others' desires and recognize our shared vulnerabilities instead of constantly seeking excuses.

Examples

  • Assuming one's demanding job entitles them to control family plans.
  • Convincing oneself that others’ mistakes outweigh personal errors.
  • Framing coworkers who disagree as unambitious instead of seeing their perspective.

3. Negative Feelings, Not Actions, Define Self-Deception

Self-deception isn't just about our actions but primarily about the feelings that fuel them. Even when behavior appears kind on the surface, underlying emotions can reveal duplicity. People sense these feelings, often reacting more to perceived intentions than actions.

For instance, someone might kiss their partner after an argument but still harbor resentment. The act itself may seem affectionate, but the partner likely detects unresolved negativity, souring the gesture. True authenticity emerges only when actions align with genuine emotions.

This shows that being "in the box" is an emotional state, not necessarily a set of poor actions. Breaking free involves addressing these internal barriers and shifting from feelings of superiority to equality.

Examples

  • Offering help begrudgingly, leading others to sense insincerity.
  • Completing a favor but secretly expecting something in return.
  • Masking frustration with a calm demeanor that still feels tense to others.

4. A Quest for Self-Justification Distracts Us from Progress

When we’re trapped in self-deception, we become preoccupied with defending our distorted worldview. This impacts productivity and relationships, as we prioritize proving others wrong over focusing on shared goals.

Take a workplace scenario: instead of valuing team input, someone "in the box" might undermine colleagues or dismiss their ideas just to justify their own belief in being more competent. This focus deters collective achievements, derailing objectives for personal validation.

Similarly, in families, self-deception can provoke the very behaviors we claim to dislike in others. A mother setting an impractical curfew might foster rebellion in her son, further "proving" her doubts about him.

Examples

  • Sabotaging a coworker’s proposal to appear more competent.
  • Setting unrealistic rules to validate negative assumptions about a child.
  • Ignoring constructive criticism, assuming others lack expertise.

5. Self-Deception Is Contagious

When self-deceived people interact, blame spreads like a virus. This creates a loop of negativity where both parties highlight each other's flaws to mitigate their own sense of inadequacy.

Consider a couple where one partner consistently blames the other during arguments. Over time, this partner adopts the habit of defensively magnifying their own merits while blaming the other in return. This mutual self-deception damages the relationship, intensifying conflicts and frustration.

Breaking this pattern requires awareness and individual efforts to see others as equals, not as adversaries.

Examples

  • A manager blaming an employee for poor results, leading the employee to resent and avoid accountability.
  • Friends routinely finding faults in each other’s lives, damaging trust.
  • Partners escalating arguments by defending their positions without self-reflection.

6. Self-Betrayal Is Ignoring the Instinct to Help

The root of self-deception is self-betrayal—choosing to ignore an innate urge to help others. Our natural empathy pushes us to act kindly, but when we resist, we begin rationalizing selfish behavior.

For instance, a parent hearing their baby cry might initially feel compelled to respond but then internally justify staying in bed. Thoughts like "I deserve rest too" or "My partner can handle it" emerge, betraying their instinct and leading to a distorted sense of priority.

This act of self-betrayal creates tension and poor dynamics, opening the door to further justifications and decreased empathy.

Examples

  • A colleague hesitating to help on a project despite initially wanting to.
  • Ignoring calls for help while internally rationalizing the inaction.
  • Deciding not to share resources with someone in need.

7. Self-Betrayal Leads to Blame and Negative Perspectives

Once we betray ourselves, we need to create reasoning to support this betrayal. This justification often involves blaming others, tainting how we perceive them.

In the example of the crying baby, a parent might justify ignoring the cries by mentally labeling their partner as lazy or unhelpful. These thoughts plant seeds of resentment, even if the partner hasn’t done anything. This process illustrates how self-deception reshapes our emotions based on our own choices rather than others’ actions.

Transforming such patterns requires catching and questioning these justifications before they worsen relationships.

Examples

  • Feeling anger toward inaction by others while overlooking one’s responsibility.
  • Labeling teammates as unreliable after refusing collaboration.
  • Harboring resentment for perceived disregard after ignoring one's own instinct to help.

8. Following Instincts to Help Breaks the Cycle

The path out of self-deception involves acting on that initial instinct to assist others. Once we resist self-betrayal, we naturally see others as equals, respecting their needs and desires.

Changing actions alone won’t suffice. It’s about aligning our perceptions and emotions with our behavior. This approach eliminates the underlying causes of self-deception, fostering healthier relationships.

Monitoring emotions and challenging assumptions about others are essential steps. Doing so lets us continuously choose helpful, empathetic responses.

Examples

  • Volunteering time to lighten a colleague’s workload after sensing their stress.
  • Offering support to a family member despite minor inconveniences.
  • Addressing differences with kindness instead of defensiveness.

9. Freeing Ourselves Brings Better Leadership and Bonds

Living outside the box of self-deception leads to stronger professional and personal results. Respectful and equality-based interactions yield collaboration and happier environments.

Great leaders, for example, succeed by treating teams with fairness, fostering loyalty even when demands are high. Similarly, families thrive when mutual care prospers over blame or distance.

By practicing self-awareness and kindness, we transform behaviors and inspire similar changes in others, amplifying positivity across all settings.

Examples

  • A manager who actively listens earns trust and improves team performance.
  • Families prioritizing support over arguments reduce conflict and feel closer.
  • Partners who communicate openly build lasting connections founded on equality.

Takeaways

  1. Pay attention to moments when you feel compelled to help someone, and act on them promptly.
  2. Challenge judgments you make about others by reflecting honestly on your own contributions to the problem.
  3. Focus on understanding and addressing your emotions when conflicts arise instead of jumping to blame.

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